Utilización de fármacos específicos para la enfermedad de Alzheimer / Use of specific drugs for Alzheimer's disease

Objetivo. Analizar la evolución y repercusiones económicas del consumo de fármacos específicos para la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en Aragón, conocer su patrón de utilización y estimar la proporción de pacientes en tratamiento específico. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo del consumo extrahospitalario de inhibidores de colinesterasa y memantina (1996-2004) a través de los envases facturados por oficinas de farmacia al Sistema Nacional de Salud. A partir de las dosis diarias definidas (DDD) e importe se calcularon: DDD por cada 1.000 habitantes (DHD), DDD por cada 1.000 habitantes mayores de 64 años (DHD65), incremento primer-último año (%), consumo proporcional por fármaco, coste por habitante y año y coste-tratamiento- día (CTD). Para la estimar la proporción de pacientes tratados se compararon las DHD65 con la prevalencia de EA. Resultados. Las DHD del conjunto han evolucionado de 0,026 (1996) a 3,235 (2004). El donepezilo se consolida como el más prescrito, aunque su peso disminuye ante la rápida penetración de nuevas alternativas. Las DHD consumidas en 2004 supusieron un coste cercano a 6 millones de euros. El CTD disminuyó un 30% en el período estudiado, mientras que el coste total se multiplicó por 90 (por 60 cuando se utilizaron euros constantes de 2004). Se estima que en 2004 el 34% de pacientes con EA recibió tratamiento específico. Conclusiones. Se observa un importante ascenso en el uso y la carga económica que suponen estos fármacos, cuyo coste-efectividad ha sido discutido en algunos estudios. Son necesarios trabajos con datos más específicos por paciente que permitan identificar sus características y valorar la adecuación de los tratamientos

Objetive. To evaluate the consumption evolution and financial impact of specific treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Aragon (Spain), analyzing consumption patterns and trends, and to estimate the proportion of AD patients treated with these drugs. Methods. Descriptive study of outpatient utilization of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine (1996-2004), obtained from the drug packages dispensed by community pharmacists through prescriptions charged to the National Health Service. According to the defined daily doses (DDD) and expenditure data available, data were expressed in DDD per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DHD), DDD per 1,000 inhabitants older than 64 (DHD65), firstlast year increase (%), drug consumption pattern, annual cost per inhabitant and daily treatment cost (DTC). To estimate the proportion of treated patients we compared the DHD65 data with the estimated AD prevalence. Results. Overall consumption of these drugs has increased from 0.026 DHD (1996) to 3.235 DHD (2004). Donepezil remains as the most prescribed, though it is proportionally decreasing as a result of the quick introduction of newer alternatives. Overall cost of the DHD dispensed in 2004 reached nearly 6 million euros. DTC decreased about 30% over the study period, but the total cost increased ninety-fold (sixty-fold when non-variable euros from 2004 were considered). According to our estimates, 34 % of people with AD were receiving specific treatment. Conclusions. There is a significant increase in the consumption and economical burden of these drugs, whose cost-effectiveness has been questioned in some studies. More studies including specific patient data are needed in order to identify individual characteristics and evaluate treatment appropriateness

[Use of specific drugs for Alzheimer's disease]. / Utilización de fármacos específicos para la enfermedad de Alzheimer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the consumption evolution and financial impact of specific treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Aragon (Spain), analyzing consumption patterns and trends, and to estimate the proportion of AD patients treated with these drugs. METHODS: Descriptive study of outpatient utilization of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine (1996-2004), obtained from the drug packages dispensed by community pharmacists through prescriptions charged to the National Health Service. According to the defined daily doses (DDD) and expenditure data available, data were expressed in DDD per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DHD), DDD per 1,000 inhabitants older than 64 (DHD65), first-last year increase (%), drug consumption pattern, annual cost per inhabitant and daily treatment cost (DTC). To estimate the proportion of treated patients we compared the DHD65 data with the estimated AD prevalence. RESULTS: Overall consumption of these drugs has increased from 0.026 DHD (1996) to 3.235 DHD (2004). Donepezil remains as the most prescribed, though it is proportionally decreasing as a result of the quick introduction of newer alternatives. Overall cost of the DHD dispensed in 2004 reached nearly 6 million euros. DTC decreased about 30% over the study period, but the total cost increased ninety-fold (sixty-fold when non-variable euros from 2004 were considered). According to our estimates, 34% of people with AD were receiving specific treatment. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant increase in the consumption and economical burden of these drugs, whose cost-effectiveness has been questioned in some studies. More studies including specific patient data are needed in order to identify individual characteristics and evaluate treatment appropriateness.

[Analysis of drug consumption with indicators of prescription quality]. / Análisis del consumo de medicamentos utilizando indicadores de calidad en la prescripción.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of pharmaceutical prescription by means of various indicators. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, retrospective study. SETTING: Non-hospital prescription in all the INSALUD provinces, except Ceuta and Melilla, for a year (1997). MEASUREMENTS: Different quality indicators were analysed for the following groups of medicines: oral diabetes drugs, anti-platelet aggregation drugs, anti-hypertension drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, tranquillisers and hypnotic drugs, antibiotics, anti-asthmatic drugs and the omeprazol efficiency indicator. Consumption was expressed in defined daily doses (DDD) and in DDD per 1000 persons and per day (DID). A prescription quality indicator was indicated on the basis of weighing up the indicators. RESULTS: The sulphonylurea drugs varied greatly (15-56%) and deviated negatively a lot from the standard value. AAS and ticlopidine made up 74% of the anti-platelet aggregation drugs. Consumption of calcium antagonists was three times greater than of beta-blockers. Captopril and enalapril were 65% of the ACE inhibitors. Ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac made up between 34 and 50% of the NSAIDs. The DID of hypnotics was 44 against a standard figure of 24. Use of first-level antibiotics was 77%. Inhaled adrenergic drugs came to 80% of total anti-asthmatic drugs. The cost of omeprazol treatment per day was 267 pesetas/DID, which was inefficient in comparison with the standard of 190. All provinces had a prescription quality indicator above six out of ten. CONCLUSIONS: The ACE inhibitors, anti-asthmatic drugs and antibiotics were close to the standard. The use of sulphonylurea drugs, beta-blockers, NSAIDs and hypnotics was a long way from standard. The prescription level was acceptable in the different provinces.

Análisis del consumo de medicamentos utilizando indicadores de calidad en la prescripción / Analysis of the consumption of medicines using quality indicators in the prescription

Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de prescripción farmacéutica mediante la utilización de diferentes indicadores. Diseño. Estudio retrospectivo transversal. Emplazamiento. Prescripción extrahospitalaria en todas las provincias del INSALUD (excepto Ceuta y Melilla) durante un año (1997). Mediciones. Se analizaron diferentes indicadores de calidad para los siguientes grupos de medicamentos: antidiabéticos orales, antiagregantes plaquetarios, antihipertensivos, antiinflamatorios no esteroides, tranquilizantes e hipnóticos, antibióticos, antiasmáticos e indicador de eficiencia del omeprazol. El consumo fue expresado en dosis diarias definidas (DDD) y en DDD por 1.000 personas y día (DHD). Se calculó un indicador de calidad de la prescripción (URM) a partir de una ponderación de los indicadores. Resultados. Las sulfonilureas presentan gran variabilidad (15-56 por ciento) y gran desviación negativa respecto al valor estándar. AAS y ticlopidina suponen un 74 por ciento de los antiagregantes plaquetarios. El consumo de antagonistas del calcio es 3 veces mayor que el de bloqueadores beta. Captopril y enalapril constituyeron un 65 por ciento de los IECA. Ibuprofeno, naproxeno y diclofenaco suponen el 34-50 por ciento del total de AINE. La DHD de hipnóticos fue de 44 frente a un valor estándar de 24. El uso de antibióticos de primer nivel representa un 77 por ciento. Los adrenérgicos inhalados fueron un 80 por ciento respecto al total de antiasmáticos. El coste tratamiento día de omeprazol fue de 267 pts./DDD, siendo poco eficiente respecto al estándar de 190. Todas las provincias obtienen un valor de indicador URM superior a seis sobre diez. Conclusiones. Los indicadores de IECA, antiasmáticos y antibióticos se apriximaron al estándar. La utilización de sulfonilureas, bloqueadores beta, AINE e hipnóticos se aleja mucho del valor estándar. El nivel de prescripción fue aceptable en las diferentes provincias (AU)